Abstract 

The cardio-cerebral axis embodies the intricate, bidirectional connection between the heart and brain, facilitated by neural, humoral, and biochemical pathways. This dynamic relationship is vital for maintaining systemic homeostasis and influences a wide range of clinical conditions, including stroke, heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental health disorders. Advances in neuroscience and cardiology have highlighted shared signaling mechanisms, autonomic regulation, and systemic inflammatory responses as central to this interplay. Dysfunction within the cardio-cerebral axis can create a vicious cycle, where issues in one organ exacerbate conditions in the other. This review integrates emerging research on the physiological, molecular, and pathological underpinnings of the heart-brain connection, shedding light on therapeutic opportunities and clinical implications. By deepening our understanding of the cardio-cerebral axis, this study paves the way for innovative strategies to improve outcomes in cardiovascular and neurological disorders.